English Vocab

Towards 2019 — on Congress plenary
Towards 2019 — on Congress plenary (a meeting (to be attended by all participants of a group at a conference).
What the Congress needs above all is a clear and granular action plan.
As president of the Congress, Rahul Gandhi seems to be taking on a more aggressive avatar, attacking the BJP for its divisive ideology and its failings on the governance front. But at the Congress plenary in Delhi, he had little to say by way of presenting an alternative vision, other than claiming for his party the space given up by the BJP. Most of his speech
was a tirade (a long angry speech to criticize someone; verbal onslaught) against the party and its two main leaders, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and BJP president Amit Shah. Mr. Modi was linked to corruption with a reference to the bank scam, and Mr. Shah to murder with a reference to the Sohrabuddin encounter killing. To the BJP’s quest for absolute power, Mr. Gandhi posited (to suggest (something, such as an idea or theory) especially in order to start a discussion) the Congress’s fight for truth. He contrasted the BJP’s commitment to an organisation (the RSS) with the Congress’s voice for the entire nation. But mere aggression is not enough and such words will ring inevitably (as is certain to happen; unavoidably) hollow in the absence of a clear and granular action plan. Even the resolutions passed at the plenary had little use for particulars. The party’s economic resolution faintly echoed Karl Marx’s eleventh thesis on Feuerbach: “We have heard the clamour (a loud and confused noise, especially that of people shouting vehemently) for change. It is now time for change.” There was no point beyond this. The resolution on agriculture, employment and poverty alleviation seemed more like a budget proposal, the highlight being a 5% cess on the richest 1% to help the poor. The party is clearly seeking the middle ground: equal economic opportunities for all without, however, instilling (to introduce gradually; implant or infuse) the fear of tax terrorism (the aggressive attitude of the government to collect higher taxes (by retrospective amendments to the tax laws & other stringent measures) was termed as tax terrorism) or overbearing regulation. So, fostering of business confidence and rewarding of risk-taking were mentioned in the same breath (to indicate that someone says two very different or contradictory things, especially when you are criticizing them) as promoting employment and security. The relevance of the public sector in critical areas such as defence, transportation and financial services was noted, while resolving to win back economic freedom for India’s entrepreneurs. Couched (to say or express (something) in a particular way) in such vague generalities, there is little to separate the Congress’s policies from those of the BJP.
If the economic resolution took the middle path, the political resolution was open-ended with a call for a “pragmatic (dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations) approach of working with like-minded parties and evolving a common workable programme to defeat the BJP-RSS in 2019”. Although the Congress will undoubtedly be the single largest party in any anti-BJP alliance, it will have to play the role of a very junior partner in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. In States such as Gujarat and Karnataka where it is a dominant party, it needs the help of smaller allies. Besides allies, the party will need post-poll backing from the Left, however reduced in numbers, to piece together a coalition against the BJP. A common workable programme will thus have to be forged with parties with very different orientations. In this context, the vague generalisations are understandable, but will they find favour with voters?

1. Plenary (noun) – A meeting (to be attended by all participants of a group at a conference). (एक सम्मेलन या विधानसभा में सभी प्रतिभागियों की बैठक या सत्र)
Synonyms: Meeting, Assembly, Conference, Convention, Session
Antonyms: Disassembly, Scattering, Disintegration, Alienation, Disassociation
Example: The plenary legislative session will be attended by members of both congressional houses.
Related words: Plenarily, (adverb)
2. Instil ( verb) - (To introduce gradually; implant or infuse) (समाविष्ट करना, दाखिल करना)
Synonyms: Introduce, Imprint, Infuse., Inculcate, Indoctrinate, Suffuse
Antonyms: Finish, Take Away, Shun, Renounce
Example: The detective tried to instill fear in the suspect by telling him about the dangers of prison.
Verb forms: Instill, Instilled, Instilled
Related words: Instillment, Instillation, Instiller, (noun)
3. Tirade (noun) – (A long angry speech to criticize someone; verbal onslaught) (निंदा-भाषण, विष-वमन)
Synonyms: Diatribe, Harangue, Rant, Polemic, Denunciation, Rebuke
Antonyms: Harmony, Adulation, Approbation, Uncontroversial, Eulogy
Example: The police arrested my Uncle Jack after he refused to end his tirade outside the courthouse
4. Posit (verb) : (To suggest (something, such as an idea or theory) especially in order to start a discussion) (तथ्य के रूप में या तर्क के आधार के रूप में आगे बढ़ाना)
Synonyms: Put Forward, Presuppose, Hypothesize, Conceive, Propound
Antonyms: Demote, Depose, Abandon, Negate, Disavow
Example: The students were asked to posit their ideas about the dance through the school suggestion box.
Verb forms: Posit, Posited, Posited
Related words: Posit (noun)
5. Inevitably (adverb) : (As is certain to happen; unavoidably.) (अनिवार्य रूप से)
Synonyms: Naturally, Automatically, Certainly, Definitely.
Antonyms: Avoidably, Ineffectually, Obscurely, Dismally, Uncertainly
Example: James will inevitably have to choose between the two job offers.
Related words: Inevitable (noun)
6. Clamour (noun) : (A loud and confused noise, especially that of people shouting vehemently.) (कोलाहल, शोरगुल)
Synonyms: Protest, Complaints, Outcry, Commotion.
Antonyms: Peace, Serenity, Stillness, Concord
Example: When I am working in my home office, my kids often clamor for my attention by screaming my name.
Verb forms: Clamour, Clamoured, Clamoured
Related words: Clamorer, Clamorist (noun)
7. Tax terrorism (noun) : (The aggressive attitude of the government to collect higher taxes (by retrospective amendments to the tax laws & other stringent measures) was termed as tax terrorism.) (उच्च कर एकत्र करने के लिए सरकार का आक्रामक रुख)
Synonyms: Imposition, Inflict, Taxation, Progressive Tax, Surtax, Surcharge
Antonyms: Relief, Tax Deduction, Undercharge, Compensate
Example: The term 'tax terrorism' was first used by the current Prime Minister to describe the adversarial approach adopted by tax authorities under the UPA.
8. In the same breath (phrase) : (To indicate that someone says two very different or contradictory things, especially when you are criticizing them) (विरोधाभासी बातें करना)
Synonyms: Paradoxically, Incongruously, Bizarrely, Eccentrically, Contradictory
Antonyms: Logically, Eloquently, Explicably, Supportive
Example: For politicians to demand firm immigration controls and argue against racism in the same breath is a deep contradiction.
9. Couch (verb) : (To say or express (something) in a particular way) (एक विशेष तरीके से कहना या व्यक्त करना)
Synonyms: Express, Frame, Formulate, Utter, Style, Render,
Antonyms: Mute, Taciturn, Reserved, Reticent, Tacit
Example: The assurances were couched in general terms.
Verb forms: Couch, Couched, Couched
Related words: idiom:-‘on the couch’ (undergoing psychiatric or psychoanalytic treatment.)        
Couch (noun) Well-Couched, (adjective)
10. Pragmatic (adjective) : (Dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical considerations.) (व्यावहारिकता पर आधारित, व्यवहारमूलक)
Synonyms: Empirical, Realistic, Actual, Practical, Utilitarian, Logical
Antonyms: Impractical, Unrealistic, Quixotic, Theoretical, Irrational
Example: The scientist had a pragmatic approach to dealing with the water crisis.
Related words: Pragmaticality, Pragmaticalness (noun) Pragmatically (adverb)
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