English Vocab

Desert defeat: on Congress victory in Rajasthan

The Rajasthan bypoll victory has given the Congress a ray of electoral hope.

Byelections are not clear pointers to the direction of the political wind, even when they are held close to a general election. A host of local factors are often at play, and selection of candidates and civic grievances (a cause of distress (such as an unsatisfactory working condition) felt to afford reason for complaint or resistance)exercise as much influence on the voter’s mind as do livelihood concerns and governance issues. Even so, the results of the Rajasthan byelections would have jolted (a sudden feeling of shock, surprise, or disappointment) the ruling BJP. The Congress

not only won the two Lok Sabha seats and the lone Assembly seat, but it did so with impressive margins. In the 2014 Lok Sabha election the BJP made a completesweep (to destroy completely) of Rajasthan, winning all 25 seats. The Congress’s recovery of some of the lost ground reflects a general dissatisfaction with the Vasundhara Raje government. Ms. Raje seems to have paid the price for an imperious (assuming power or authority without justification; arrogant and domineering)attitude that alienated (to make an individual feel unwanted or removed from a group or relationship) large sections within her own party. True, Rajasthan voters have not given either the BJP or the Congress two consecutive terms since the BJP returned to power in 1993. But the Modi wave of 2014 was supposed to have changed the political narrative, with the BJP emerging as a pan-Indian party and the natural party of government. The BJP has lost some Assembly elections since 2014. However, Bihar 2015 was arguably a mere blip (an unexpected, minor, and typically temporary deviation from a general trend), more on account of a coming together of a motley (made up of many different people or things) mix of opposition parties than on account of any erosion in its base. Punjab 2017 was written off as the Akali Dal’s loss rather than the BJP’s own. But in Rajasthan, as in Gujarat where the BJP scraped through in late-2017, the two national parties will be in a straight contest. A defeat can mean only one thing: the BJP is slipping in approval ratings in the run-up to 2019.

A negative vote it may have been, but the verdict is also a vindication (proof that someone or something is right, reasonable, or justified) of the Congress tactic of letting a young Sachin Pilot be its public face. Many in the party blamed the inability to close the gap with the BJP in Gujarat on the failure to identify a youthful leader, and instead relying entirely on borrowed leaders such as Alpesh Thakor, Hardik Patel and Jignesh Mevani to free it of a jaded (bored or lacking enthusiasm, typically after having had too much of something) look. If it wants to beat the BJP, the Congress has to find a way to counter its strategy of turning every election into a presidential contest between Prime Minister Modi and Congress president Rahul Gandhi. The byelection results suggest the key to doing so lies in encouraging a youthful regional leadership to emerge in each State. But if the BJP is slipping in Rajasthan, it is gaining in West Bengal: the party finished second behind the Trinamool Congress in the Uluberia Lok Sabha and Noapara Assembly constituencies. With the collapse of the Left Front vote bank, it is the BJP that is emerging as a challenger. But a second-place finish in West Bengal is poor compensation (something good that acts as a balance against something bad or undesirable). The BJP’s setback in Rajasthan has given the Congress a ray of electoral hope, as the State goes to the polls later this year.

Courtesy-The Hindu (National)

1. Grievance (noun) : (A cause of distress (such as an unsatisfactory working condition) felt to afford reason for complaint or resistance) (शिकायत, उलाहना, व्यथा)

Synonyms: Complaint, Grudge, Objection, Disagreement, Gripe, Resentment,

Antonyms: Compliment, Extol, Flattery, Admiration, Approbation, Commendation

Example: The dishonest police chief ignored my grievance against one of his officers.

Related words: Pregrievance, noun

2. Jolted (verb) : (A sudden feeling of shock, surprise, or disappointment) (झटका देना, आघात)

Synonyms: Shaken, Shocked, Agitated, Jerked, Jarred

Antonyms: Delight, Gratify, Please, Rejoice, Cheer, Comfort, Console

Example: We hope that the new stores opening in the downtown will help jolt the economy back to life.

Verb forms: Jolt, Jolted, Jolted

Related words: Jolty, Joltless, adjective, Jolter noun, Joltingly, adverb

3. Sweep (verb) : (To destroy completely) (साफ़ हो जाना, ईंट से ईंट बज जाना)

Synonyms: Clean, Whisk, Brush, Flit, Dart

Antonyms: Crawl, Creep, Slither, Hold Up

Example: A tourist was swept into the ocean by a huge wave at Long Beach.

Verb forms: Sweep, Swept; Swept;

Related words: idioms- ‘sweep one off one's feet’ (to gain immediate and unquestioning support, approval, or acceptance by a person),

Idiom- ‘sweep the board or sweep the table’ (to win everything : beat all competitors)

sweepable, adjective

4. Imperious (adjective) : (assuming power or authority without justification; arrogant and domineering.) (शाही, अत्यावश्यक)

Synonyms: Tyrannical, Despotic, Arrogant, Overbearing, Dictatorial, Despotic

Antonyms: Submissive, Obedient, Meek

Example: The emergency room doctor was an imperious man who got angry if his instructions were not followed immediately.

Related words: Imperiously adverb, Imperiousness noun

5. Alienated (verb): (To make an individual feel unwanted or removed from a group orrelationship) (अलग-थलग)

Synonyms: Estrange, Disunite, Separate, Dissociate, Segregate, Take Apart

Antonyms: Conjoin, Assemble, Harmonize, Coalesce

Example: The restaurant owner hesitates to change his menu because he does not want to alienate his regular customers.

Verb forms: Alienate, Alienated, Alienated

Related words: Alienator, noun,

6. Blip (noun) : (An unexpected, minor, and typically temporary deviation from a general trend.) (अप्रत्याशित तथा अस्थायी विचलन)

Synonyms: Smack, Glitch, Unforeseen Circumstance, Contingency,

Antonyms: Foreseen Hazards, Potential Risk

Example: We usually ride to school with our mom, but there was a blip in the routine the day we had to take the bus instead.

Verb forms: Blip, Blipped Blipped

Related words: Blip (verb), Blip (adjective),

7. Motley (adjective) : (Made up of many different people or things), (विषम तत्वों का मिश्रण)

Synonyms: Miscellaneous, Disparate, Diverse, Assorted, Sundry, Varied, Mixed, Diversified, Heterogeneous

Antonyms: Homogeneous, Uniform, Identical, Monochromatic

Example: When the ship’s captain looked for a crew, he found a motley gang of people with no sailing experience.

Related words: Motley (noun)

8. Vindication (noun) : (Proof that someone or something is right, reasonable, or justified.) (प्रमाण, सबूत)

Synonyms: Exculpation, Justification, Explanation,

Antonyms: Assumption, Refute

Example: After his last novel received such harsh reviews from the critics, Chetan determined to vindicate himself by writing the greatest work of his career.

Verb forms: Vindicate, Vindicated, Vindicated

Related words: Vindicator, noun, Unvindicated, adjective

9. Jaded (noun): (Bored or lacking enthusiasm, typically after having had too much of something.) (कष्ट पहुंचाना, थका डालना)

Synonyms: Tired, Fatigued, Bored, Exhausted, Fagged

Antonyms: Rested, Energetic, Electrified, Invigorated

Example: After being on an airplane for nearly twenty-four hours, Henry is a bit jadedand never wants to travel again.

Verb forms: Jade, Jaded, Jaded

Related words: Jadedly adverb, Jadedness noun, Unjaded, Jadish, adjective

10. Compensation (noun) : (Something good that acts as a balance against something bad or undesirable) (क्षतिपूर्ति, नुकसान भरपाई)

Synonyms: Damages, Indemnification, Indemnity, Quittance, Recompense, Recoupment,

Antonyms: Nonpayment, Deprivation, Forfeiture

Example: If the compensation doesn't allow me to pay my bills, then I'm not interested in the job.

Verb forms: Compensate; Compensated; Compensated;

Related words: Compensational adjective,