English Vocab

1. Invidious (adj): (of an action or situation) likely to arouse or incur resentment or anger in others. (जो बुरा लगे, द्वेषजनक)

Synonyms: Unpleasant, Awkward, Difficult,

Undesirable, Detestable

Antonyms: Lovable, Delightful, Pleasant

Example: The dictator’s invidious acts caused the people to rise up against him.

   

2. Tentative (adj): Not certain or fixed. (अनिश्चित)

Synonyms:  Provisional, Doubtful, Uncertain, Hesitant

Antonyms: Definite, Sure, Certain, Confident

Example: Our plans are only tentative at this point and will depend on whether you can come.

3. Affability (noun): The quality of being friendly and easy to talk to. (मिलनसारिता)

Synonyms: Joviality, Amiability, Gregariousness, Bonhomie

Antonyms: Hostility, Petulance, Incivility, Crankiness

Example: His freehandedness and affability made him very popular with his soldiers.

 

4. Accolade (noun): An award or privilege granted as a special honour or as an acknowledgement of merit. (सम्मान, शाबाशी, पुरस्कार)

Synonyms: Honour, Recognition, Distinction, Award, Laurel

Antonyms: Slander, Reproof, Reprimand

Example: The Medal of Honour is the highest accolade a soldier can win.

5. Eccentric (adj): (of a person or their behaviour) unconventional and slightly strange. (विलक्षण, सनकी)

Synonyms: Bizarre, Outlandish, Aberrant, Anomalous, Strange

Antonyms: Ordinary, Conventional, Normal, Common

 Example: The eccentric old man never ate anything other than cat food.

  

6. Hyperbole (noun): A way of speaking or writing that makes someone or something sound bigger, better, more, etc. than they are: (किसी बात को घटा बढ़ाकर कहना, अतिशयोक्ति)

Synonyms: Exaggeration, Overstatement, Magnification, Embellishment

Antonyms: Belittlement, Disparagement, Understatement

Example: I'm so hungry I could eat a horse. (example of hyperbole)

  

7. Hegemonic (adj): Ruling or dominant in a political or social context. (प्रधानता वाली/ वाला, शासक, सर्वोच्च)

Synonyms: Leading, Chief, Preponderant, Dominant

Antonyms: Minor, Subordinate, Follower

 Example: the ruling party's hegemonic control of all facets of society.    

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8. Totalitarian (adj): A political system   in which there is only one political party which controls everything and does not allow any opposition parties. (अधिनायकवादी, एकदलीय, सर्वाधिकारवादी)

Synonyms: Autocratic, Despotic, Dictatorial, Tyrannical

Antonyms: Democratic, Liberal, Sovereign

Example: After the Arab Spring a barbarian totalitarian regime came to an end in these countries.

          

9. Wryly (adverb): In a way that expresses dry, especially mocking, humour. (व्यंग्यपूर्ण ढंग से)

Synonyms: Ironically, Sarcastically, Mockingly, Sardonically

Antonyms: Respectfully, Sincerely

Example: The stand-up comedian wryly makes jokes about his family members.

10. Epistemic (adj): Of or relating to knowledge or knowing. (ज्ञान-संबंधी)

Synonyms: Cognitive, Knowing, Psychological, Intellectual

Example: An epistemic community is a network of professionals that all possess recognized knowledge and skill in some area.